The gram calorie (small calorie) equals 4.184 joules โ the energy to raise 1 g of water by 1 ยฐC. It is a scientific unit, distinct from the nutrition "Calorie" (kcal). Largely replaced by joules in modern science.
Real-world: Raising 1 g of water 1 ยฐC: 1 cal. A 100 kcal snack = 100,000 small calories.
Read full calorie reference โThe kilowatt-hour equals 3.6 megajoules โ energy delivered by 1 kW for 1 hour. It is the standard unit on electricity bills worldwide. A UK home uses about 2900 kWh/year; an EV charge adds 10โ80 kWh depending on battery.
Real-world: UK home: ~2900 kWh/year. Tesla Model 3 battery: 60โ80 kWh. Typical EV efficiency: 15โ20 kWh/100 km.
Read full kilowatt-hour reference โ