The gram calorie (small calorie) equals 4.184 joules โ the energy to raise 1 g of water by 1 ยฐC. It is a scientific unit, distinct from the nutrition "Calorie" (kcal). Largely replaced by joules in modern science.
Real-world: Raising 1 g of water 1 ยฐC: 1 cal. A 100 kcal snack = 100,000 small calories.
Read full calorie reference โThe electronvolt equals 1.602 ร 10โปยนโน joules โ the energy gained by an electron accelerated through 1 volt. It is the natural energy unit of atomic, nuclear and particle physics. Chemical bonds are a few eV; LHC protons reach 7 TeV = 7 ร 10ยนยฒ eV.
Real-world: Silicon band gap: 1.12 eV. Hydrogen ionization: 13.6 eV. LHC proton: 7 TeV. Photon wavelength 500 nm = 2.5 eV.
Read full electronvolt reference โ